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Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro evaluation of GelMa/Eggshell-derived Hydroxyapatite composite scaffold intended for bone tissue engineering
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| Author:
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, JODAL MOHAMMEDAMIM AHMED, SHEHAB AHMED HAMAD
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| Abstract:
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GelMa/Eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (ES-HA) composite scaffold was sucessfully fabricated via freeze-drying process. First, the HA powder was obtained from eggshell waste material. Then, GelMa and HA powder (10 w/w%) were mixed and GelMa was prepared via UV-curing method using the photoinitiator Irgacure 2959. Finally, the hydrogel was freeze-dried and the porous scaffold were obtained. The scaffold samples were characterized via SEM, FTIR, mechanical compression test, swelling test and degradation test. The in vitro cellular responses to the GelMa/ES-HA composite scaffold were assessed via cell growth and proliferation (MTT assay).
The FTIR spectrum of ES-HA confirmed the formation of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite from egg shells. The crystals of eggshell derived hydroxyapatite had the average size of 2 µm as confirmed by SEM imaging. The freeze-dried GelMa/ES-HA composite Scaffold had semi-homogeneous porosity with interconnected pores (The average pore size: 200-300 µm). The porous GelMa/ES-HA composite showed an efficient response to the stress without being fractured by absorbing energy and dissipating stress. The levels of absolute stress were significantly lower than those for the dry scaffold, which could be because of the high swelling rate (water absorption) of GelMa hydrogel. Both neat GelMA hydrogel (574.2 ± 34.5) and GelMa/ES-HA composite scaffold (473.5% ± 19.1) had a really high swelling ratio which makes them ideal for tissue engineering application. However, the addition of ES-HA to the GelMA hydrogel composition (10 w/w%) decreased the swelling ratio of hydrogel. The composite scaffold had a moderate degradation rate in vitro. The complete degradation of hydrogels accrued in 5 weeks. The cytotoxicity of composite scaffolds was low after 24 h incubations (The viability of cells was above 85%). However, the cell viability decreased over time (71.9% after 48 h and 60.0% after 72 h).
The results of this study showed that the novel GelMa/ES-HA composite scaffold is a bioactive, biocompatible, biodegradable bone graft with desired mechanical and swelling properties and excellent potential for enhancing bone regeneration proces which could serve as a promissing candidate for bone and dental tissue engineering applications.
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| Keyword:
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Egg shell-derived Hydroxyapatite; GelMA; Freeze Drying; Tissue Engineering; In vitro
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| EOI:
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-
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| DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP3.109
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| Download:
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