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Identification of Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Biomarkers to Distinguish between Aerva lanata Juss ex Schultes and its substitute, Nothosaerva brachiata (L.).W. & A.
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UPLOADED BY-ADMIN, MAMMEN D, DANIEL M, SANE R T
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Aerva lanata, equated with Bhadra, is a well-known medicinal herb often confused with Nothosaerva brachiata, which possesses similar morphological characters. Studies on micromorphology, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and HPTLC fingerprints were conducted for correct identification of biomarkers. Different parameters were studied for the plant materials in fresh form, powder form and extract form. The stomata in both plants were found to be anomocytic, with curved walls of subsidiary cells in A. lanata and wavy walls for the same in N. brachiata. Microscopic studies of the powders of both plants showed multicellular, uniseriate and warty trichomes in A. lanata, and multicellular uniseriate smooth trichomes in N. brachiata. Epidermal cells in N. brachiata showed striations, which were absent in those of A. lanata. Rhombiodal calcium oxalate crystals found in A. lanata, were found absent in N. brachiata. Flavonols identified in Aerva lanata were Quercetin, Kaempferol and its two methoxy derivatives, while Nothosaerva showed only one methoxy derivative of kaempferol. The betacyanin, Betanin, was identified in A. lanata, while N. brachiata showed the presence of another betacyanin different from betanin. Phenolic acid content did not vary in both plants. Tannins and coumarins were found to be present only in N. brachiata, while quinones were found present in A. lanata. The HPTLC chromatograms of both the plants showed enough variation for identification of adulteration.
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Aerva lanata, Nothosaerva brachiata, adulteration, biomarkers, HPTLC.
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