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The Dire Effect of Chronic Tobacco Shisha Smoke Exposure on Testicular Histology in Adult Male Wistar Rats
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| Author:
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SULEIMAN I, MOHAMMED A, KAWU M U, TANKO Y, AKOR-DEWU M.B, A.H.UMAR
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| Abstract:
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Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chronic shisha smoke exposure on testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) level, serum testosterone level and testicular histology to determine the presence and extent of tissue damage.
Introduction: Male infertility is the commonest cause of infertility. It contributes nearly 50% of infertility in couples of reproductive age. This occurs as a result of population ageing and adverse changes in lifestyles, including smoking. Shisha or water-pipe tobacco (WP) smoking was originally created as a theoretically less harmful method of tobacco use, it was suggested that smoke should first be passed through a small receptacle of water so that it would be rendered harmless. It has been reported that over 100 million people worldwide smoke shisha daily. Lack of public awareness of the harmful effect of this practice and the misconception that WP is less harmful than cigarette, so its prevalence is exponentially increasing, particularly among adolescent and young adults; WP has become a practice of concern among students of University campuses in Nigeria especially Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats, weighing from 160 -180 g were divided at random into three groups containing 7 rats per groups. Group I served as the control, while group II and group III were exposed to bonged and un-bonged shisha smoke, respectively for 7 seconds and fresh air for 53 seconds alternatively for 30 minutes daily for a period of 13 weeks. The shisha smoke was drawn from the shisha apparatus outlet by a vacuum compressor at a pressure of 300 KPa into the nose-only exposure chamber where the rats were kept.
Results: The result obtained showed that chronic exposure to shisha smoke revealed a significant increase in testicular MDA level (P < 0.05) higher in bonged Shisha smoke (water-filtered smoke [BSS]) group (1.61 ± 0.08 µmol/mg protein) than in any other group (control: 0.44 ± 0.08 µmol/mg protein; un-bonged shisha smoke group: 1.26 ± 0.04 µmol/mg protein), decreased serum testosterone level, which was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the bonged shisha smoke group (25.4 ± 1.16 nmol/L) when compared to control (41.6 ± 0.50 nmol/L) and un-bonged shisha smoke (31.8 ± 0.58 nmol/L). There were prominent testicular histological damages noted in the exposed groups.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the oxidative stress adverse effects of shisha smoking on testes which were higher in the bonged group as compared to other groups.
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| Keyword:
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Shisha, malondialdehyde, testosterone, testicular histology
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| EOI:
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| DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2022.14.04.009
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| Download:
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