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Functional Appliances in The Treatment and Management of Mandibular Retrognathism - A Literature Review
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| Author:
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NISHANTHI.R , SARAVANA PANDIAN, VIGNESH RAVINDRAN
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| Abstract:
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Class II malocclusion may present with skeletal features of mandibular retrognathism, midface protrusion, and dental features of distal step molar relation, an unusually large overjet and variable combination of these features. With a variety of craniofacial morphology associated with Class II malocclusion, the type of functional appliance (FA) to choose and the timings of treatment are fundamental to treatment outcome and prognosis. Mandibular retrognathism has befallen to be the most universal rationale for availing orthodontic treatment. FAs have come a long way since the introduction of "bite-jumping" appliance by Norman Kingsley with gradual evolution of these appliances through monobloc, activator, Frankel, bionator, twin block appliance and fixed functional appliances which can now be attached to facial skeleton with implant anchorage. Although timing of treatment, mode of their action, treatment benefits and mechanism of craniofacial adaptation have been researched extensively, the subject of FA has always been a matter of discussion with conflicting views. Functional appliance is an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. A 12-month stepwise mandibular advancement protocol has been proved to enhance the condylar growth and improve the mandibular retrognathism. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of functional appliance in the treatment and management of mandibular retrognathism.
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| Keyword:
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Functional Appliance, Frankel,bionator, Twin block appliance, over jet
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| EOI:
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-
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| DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.02.375
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| Download:
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Request For Article
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