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Epidemiological and Epizootological Monitoring of Tuberculosis in The Krasnodar Territory of The Russian Federation
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TATYANA PASHNIK, MARINA MIKHAILOVNA GORYACHEVA, IGOR GENNADEVICH GLAMAZDIN, NATALYA UREVNA SYSOEVA, EKATERINA ALEKSANDROVNA CHETVERIKOVA
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| Abstract:
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Introduction: Causing enormous damage to the national economy, tuberculosis poses a serious danger to the population. The urgency of the tuberculosis problem is increasing from year to year. A sharp reduction in animals in the public sector and an increase in the private (more than 97% in the republic) often with the uncontrolled movement of animals, as well as animal feed and animal products exacerbated the epizootic and epidemiological situation of tuberculosis. The identification of a large number of nonspecific reactions to tuberculin in humans and animals, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, cast doubt on the results of this test. That is why tuberculosis in recent years has received varying degrees of spread in individual regions and republics. The territory of the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation is very unfavorable for tuberculosis in epizootic and epidemiological terms (14, 15). The highest index of epizooticity was observed in the North-West, East, and Northeast subzones of the Krasnodar Territory and amounted to 0.98, 0.69, 0.48, respectively. The autumn-spring incidence of tuberculosis is pronounced.
Research methods: The data of the Federal State Sanitary Inspection ?8, 33 and 61 forms were studied. The number of deaths is presented according to the Russian Statistical Office. The work was carried out on the website of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance; on the website of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Federation; on the website of the Center for Veterinary Medicine; on the website of Russian consumer supervision; on the website of the World Health Organization and on the website of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The spread of animal tuberculosis was studied according to different age and seasonal aspects according to the accounts of ‘Ambulatory Admission’ journal for the period from 2014 to 2018, ‘the Plan of Veterinary Preventive and Anti-Epizootic Measures’, reports and monitoring of the state veterinary administration and reports of the Information and Analytical Center of the Russian agricultural supervision. Epidemiological indicators are calculated for the average annual population.
Materials: Samples of human sputum, animal organs (i.e. pathologically altered paired lymph nodes excised on both sides of the carcass (pharyngeal, submandibular, bronchial, mediastinal, mesenteric, taken in the area of the ileocecal connection and ileum); exhausted corpses of the bird were sent entirely. All samples were delivered to the laboratory is frozen or canned in a 30% aqueous solution of chemically pure glycerol. All samples were stored until the end of the laboratory study. For microbiological analysis we used Nicon biomedical microscopes, brand SMZ445 / SMZ460; slide glasses for microscopy of fingerprint smears 76 X 25 mm and brand Levenhuk G50 1628. For bacteriological analysis the following was used a thermostat with automatic temperature control; a refrigerator; a drying cabinet providing temperature control from 100 to 200° C .; a shaking apparatus (shuttle apparatus); laboratory centrifuge with a rotation speed of 3000 min .; autoclave with a working pressure of 1.5 pounds Pascals by state standard; computed tomographs; diaskintest (46). For biological analysis, in addition to the above equipment was used laboratory balance with a weighing error of not more than 0.001 g.
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| Keyword:
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monitoring, tuberculosis, epidemiology, epizootology, people, animals, distribution.
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| DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.02.287
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