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Biological Characteristics and Causes of Degradation of Rats Mandibular Condylar Cartilage
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| Author:
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AMEERA KHALEEL, DR. RAMIZU BIN SHAARI, DR.MOHAMAD ARIF AWANG NAWI, DR.ALI SULTAN ALRIFAI
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| Abstract:
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The rat’s mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) plays important role in the maxillofacial skeleton morphogenesis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function. MCC consist from chondrocytes and extracellular matrix(ECM). The chemical composition of ECM differs according to the age and genders and consists from water, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, collagen (mainly type II) and other components. Degenerative changes are characterized by progressive degradation of the MCC and progressive loss of its mechanical properties. Degradation of ECM of MCC may occurs due to overexpression of MMP like MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, MMP-13. ADAM9, ADAM10, and ADAM12 can affect the chondrocyte cells differentiation and proliferation, and ADAM-10 can also causes extracellular matrix degradation. The aggrecanases’, namely ADAMTS-4 and -5 can degrade aggrecan. Cleavage at any of these sites can results in the loss of a part of chondroitin sulfate chains and, then affecting its negative charge. TIMPs can inhibit MMPs, ADAM and ADAMTS families. Under expression of TIMPs can causes condylar cartilage damage. The VEGF can regulate the production of MMPs and TIMPs. The rapid upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15 and IL-17, can also plays a role in the degradation of the matrix and causes the MCC damage.
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| Keyword:
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Mandibular condylar cartilage, Chondrocytes, Extracellular matrix, Temporomandibular joint.
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| EOI:
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| DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.236
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| Download:
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