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Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of melanoma
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| Author:
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SVETLANA DANSHINA, HARUN ACHMAD, HULDANI, ALEXANDER MARKOV
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| Abstract:
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Melanoma is potentially the most dangerous form of skin tumor with a 90% fatality rate. The diagnosis of melanoma can be made clinically and should always be confirmed by dermatoscopy. If a melanoma is detected, a histopathological examination is required. Sequential digital dermatoscopy and full-body photography can be used in at-risk individuals to detect the development of melanoma at an earlier stage. In addition, confocal reflection microscopy can increase the information content of clinical diagnostics in special cases. Classification of melanomas is carried out according to the AJCC version. Thin melanomas up to 0.8 mm thick tumors do not require further diagnosis. Starting from stage IB, it is recommended to examine the lymph nodes using ultrasound, but no additional imaging studies are performed.
From stage I, it is recommended to examine the entire body using CT or PET-CT in combination with MRI of the brain. Starting from stage III and higher, mutation testing is recommended, especially for the BRAF V600 mutation. It is important to provide structured follow-up to detect relapses and secondary primary melanomas as early as possible.
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| Keyword:
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melanoma, causes, diagnosis, treatment.
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| EOI:
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| DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.03.265
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| Download:
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